Mom has decent amount of money, but just has it in passbook savings type accounts which make less than 1% interest. Wants to invest some of it in higher-risk, higher-return stuff such as mutual funds and ETFs. But, of course, wants to protect it so it won't be lost if she eventually has to go into a nursing home.
She wants to set up the accounts with me named on them next to her name, so that we both effectively own the accounts. Would this be subject to the lookback by Medicaid? If it comes down to that, how would they differentiate between money she might have put in, and money I might have put in?
Ask the person advising you or trying to sell you something how they are being compensated. Beware of someone who is paid more when you buy or sell stocks.
You don't say how old she is. That also influences how much you'd put in the market vs safe deposits. If she's got a decade or more to go, that money has to grow. You need help from a good financial advisor. Unfortunately, the free "planners" at banks may not have your best interests at heart; they are graded on the amount of financial products they push. If she has a decent amount of savings, consider a paid financial planner.
There is no such thing as "high-risk, high-return" that can ever be 100% protected. Risk means risk and could be everything and then some both in gain & in loss.If your mom even thinks this is possible... then imho you & your mom are not the type to be able to be doing day trading or other self directed accounts. You need a FA that is a stockbroker at an old-school wire house. A lot of FA are more about insurance and annuities which is quite different approach.
Whatever you do mom's $ needs to be separate. Medicaid seems to take the approach when $$ is commingled that all belongs to the Medicaid applicant and all will have to be cashed in & spent-down before Medicaid will pay a penny.
Just how much liquid $ are we talking about…..mid6, 100, 50K?
What does she have for life insurance and who owns it? other assets? Has she done a fully prepaid funeral & burial? How is her health and family history? All these are things to take into consideration before you do anything imho.